4. I learned About Macromolecules

After visiting http://biomodel.uah.es/en/model3/index.htm I have learned about macromolecules organized into five basic topics. 


1. Carbohydrates:
    As a part of carbohydrates there a few types of monosaccharides such as glucose and frutose.  Glucose(A) is a hexose and a aldohxose. The diagram shows a glucopyranose in a form of a pyranose.  Fructose(B) is also a hexose of the ketose type, this diagram shows a fructofuranose.  Disaccharides (C) can be represented by sucrose, that is combined by glucose and frutose, called a glycsidic bond. Polysaccharides (D)can be represented by cellulose, starch, amylose, amylopectin, and others of its type.  They are the biggest of the three, and they are all a part of carbohydrates.

2. Lipids
   Lipids can be described and demonstrated through fatty acids, triacylglcerols, phospholipids, steroids, and lipid bilayer. Fatty acids(F) may be saturated [single bonds between carbons] or unsaturated [double bonds with bending chains]. Triacylglcerols or triglycerides are formed when glycerin and three fatty acid molecules are linked.  Phospholipids  are also a linkage, this time it is glycerin with two fatty acids, one being a phosphate.  Steroids (E), such as cholerterol, are made of a hydrophobic and a hydrophylic parts that relates to its membrances.  Lastly, the structure of lipids are represented by lipid bilayers(G) in the diagram. 

3. Vitamins

   Vitamins can be represented but VitaminA/ Retinol [H, a terpene lipid] and Vitamin B2/ Riboflavin [I, one that shows double bonds].

4. Proteins
    Proteins are made up of several types and levels of structures.  The primary structure of a protein is made of amino acids and peptides.  The secondary structure is made of alpha helix(J), and beta strands.  The tertiary structure can be represented by a lysozyme, while the quaternary structure can be represented by hempglobin(K). 

5. Nucleic Acids:
   Nitrogenous bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, DNA, and RNA represents the structure of nucleic acids.  Nitrogenous bases in include adenine [L, made of purine] and are used to form nucleosides, while nucleosides make up nucleotides.  Nucleotides, when formed with other particles, make up RNA(M) and DNA(N).

photos were taken from http://biomodel.uah.es/en/model3/index.htm