Plant Division Examples

Angiosperms 

Magnolia Virginiana

Flowering plants and vascular seed plants make up the division of angiosperms, they are placed in the phylum of Anthophyta.Their flowers and fruits allow them to reproduce.  Other parts of the flower and the angiosperms are also specialized for production and survival.  Such parts that sums up a flower includes, petals, stamens, sepals, and carpels.  Alterations of generations have change these parts and their process throughout years, and is now improved.  The process of reproduction is then passed on to the responsibility of pollinators, such as insects.  Female sex organs receive pollen from bees and pollinators as they pass on pollen from other parts of the plant.   




Gymnosperms 

Picea Glauca Needles

Gymnosperms were common in the Mesozoic Era, they were seen in four phylas(caycads, ginkos, gnetophytes, and the most known- conifers).  Unlike, angiosperms, gymnosperms are not flowering plants; they do not have flowers.  Therefore, they do not have ovaries; gymnosperms have cones with scales.  Their seeds and ovules are produced in their cones, for angiosperms they are produced in their ovaries. 


Bryophytes 

Marchantia

Liverworts, mosses, and hornworts make up the three phyla of bryophytes.  A few characteristics of bryophytes include the absence of many tissues and their dominant generation being the gametophyte.  They are known to not have conducting tissues that transport organic substances and water in thicker tissues. However, they do have tissues that are specialized that work in water based areas.   They also do not have lignin coatings in their structure; without this coating, they have a shorter and weaker structure compared to other plants.  As for their dominant generation, their gametophytes allow its cells to be near minerals and water, due to their thin layers.

Pteridophytes 

Cyathea Arborea

Pteridophytes are commonly known as non-seed vascular plants.  They have phloem and xylem which depends on spores; therefore, are not similar to plants that produce seeds.  They are found on land and may have evolved from the pass green algae.  They are categorized in two phyla, peterophyta and lycophyta. Some examples include, ferns, spike mosses, club mosses, and horsetails.  Pteridophytes are mostly found in damp areas, since their reproductive processes involve flagellated sperms to swim pass water and to eggs.  Their structure also includes lignified vascular tissue and spores.